QR codes have become an essential part of our everyday lives. From scanning menus at restaurants to making payments or logging into apps, they offer a quick and convenient way to access information. However, with the increasing reliance on QR codes, cybercriminals have found ways to exploit them for scams, fraud, and malware distribution.
In this post, we’ll take a deep dive into the dangers of scanning unknown QR codes, how QR scams work, and the steps you can take to protect yourself.
The Rise of QR Code Scams
QR codes (Quick Response codes) were initially developed for tracking parts in the automotive industry but have since become widespread in marketing, payments, and digital interactions. Their popularity surged during the COVID-19 pandemic when businesses moved toward contactless transactions.
Unfortunately, this rise in adoption has also made QR codes an attractive target for scammers. By replacing legitimate QR codes with fraudulent ones or designing fake QR codes to trick users, cybercriminals can:
- Redirect users to phishing websites that steal login credentials and financial data.
- Install malware or spyware on devices.
- Hijack online payments and divert funds to fraudulent accounts.
- Connect unsuspecting users to rogue Wi-Fi networks for data interception.
QR code scams can appear anywhere, including:
- Public places – Scammers print fake QR codes and stick them over official ones on posters, restaurant tables, parking meters, or transportation hubs.
- Emails and SMS messages – Phishing attempts often include QR codes that lead to fake login pages or malicious downloads.
- Fake advertisements – QR codes in fraudulent ads, social media posts, or fake customer surveys may lead to scams.
The challenge is that QR codes look like a random pattern of black and white squares, making it impossible to tell whether they are safe just by looking at them. That’s why it’s important to stay cautious.
How QR Code Scams Work
Cybercriminals use various methods to exploit QR codes. Here are the most common types of QR scams and how they work.
1. Phishing (QRishing) Attacks
A phishing attack using QR codes—also known as QRishing—redirects users to a fraudulent website designed to steal personal information. These sites often mimic official platforms, such as online banking portals, social media logins, or payment pages.
Example:
You scan a QR code on a parking meter that appears legitimate. It takes you to a website that looks exactly like the official parking service. You enter your credit card details to pay, only to realise later that the money never went to the parking service—it went directly to a scammer.
How to avoid it:
- Before entering sensitive information, check the website URL carefully.
- If a QR code requests login credentials or payment details, verify it with the official source.
- When in doubt, manually type in the official website rather than scanning a code.
2. Malware Installation
Some QR codes can trigger a file download or prompt users to install an app. If the source is fraudulent, this could result in malware being installed on your device. Malware can steal sensitive data, monitor keystrokes, or even take control of your phone.
Example:
You receive an email claiming to be from your bank, urging you to scan a QR code to verify your account. After scanning, it downloads an app that secretly records your login credentials.
How to avoid it:
- Only install apps from official app stores like Google Play or the Apple App Store.
- Be wary of QR codes that initiate downloads automatically.
- Keep your device’s security software up to date.
3. Payment Fraud
Scammers can create fake QR codes for payment transactions, diverting funds to their own accounts instead of the intended recipient. These scams are common in parking areas, online sales, and fake charity drives.
Example:
A scammer places a fake QR code over a real one at a coffee shop’s self-payment station. Instead of paying the business, customers unknowingly transfer money to the scammer’s account.
How to avoid it:
- Verify the payment recipient before sending funds.
- If making payments via QR code, cross-check with the business.
- Look for signs of tampering on printed QR codes.
4. Wi-Fi Network Hijacking
Some QR codes can automatically connect your device to a malicious Wi-Fi network. Once connected, scammers can intercept your data, including passwords, payment details, and personal messages.
Example:
At a conference, you scan a QR code offering “Free Wi-Fi.” Instead, it connects you to a rogue network controlled by a hacker, allowing them to steal your login details for various accounts.
How to avoid it:
- Avoid scanning QR codes that offer free Wi-Fi connections.
- Manually connect to known, secure networks instead.
- Use a VPN when using public Wi-Fi.
How to Avoid QR Code Scams
While QR codes are convenient, you should always exercise caution when scanning them. Here are some key safety tips to keep in mind.
1. Inspect Before Scanning
- If a QR code appears to be a sticker placed over another one, be suspicious.
- Look for signs of tampering, such as misalignment, unusual fonts, or poor printing quality.
2. Verify the Source
- If a QR code is sent via email or text message, verify its legitimacy before scanning.
- For business transactions, confirm the code with a trusted employee or website.
- Avoid scanning QR codes in public areas unless they are from a reliable source.
3. Use a QR Scanner with Security Features
Some security apps come with built-in QR scanners that check URLs for threats before opening them. Consider using a reputable scanner with anti-phishing protection.
4. Be Cautious of Shortened URLs
- QR codes that lead to shortened URLs (e.g., bit.ly, tinyurl.com) can hide their true destination.
- If possible, preview the link before clicking. Some QR scanners allow you to see the full URL before proceeding.
5. Avoid Scanning QR Codes for Payments Unless Verified
- If a QR code asks for payment, confirm its legitimacy with the business or individual requesting it.
- Always check that the payment portal is secure (look for HTTPS in the URL).
6. Disable Automatic Actions
Some devices automatically open links or download files upon scanning a QR code. Disable this feature in your QR scanner settings to prevent accidental malware installation.
7. Use Your Own QR Code Reader
Instead of relying on a phone’s default scanner, use a QR code reader that allows you to preview links and block suspicious content.
8. Report Suspicious QR Codes
If you suspect a QR code is being used for fraudulent purposes, report it to the business or organisation where you found it. This helps prevent others from falling victim to the scam.
Final Thoughts
QR codes are a powerful tool for convenience and efficiency, but they also pose security risks if used carelessly. Scammers are always finding new ways to trick unsuspecting users, so it’s essential to stay vigilant.
By taking simple precautions—like verifying sources, using security-enhanced scanners, and being mindful of payment requests—you can significantly reduce the risk of falling victim to QR code scams.
If in doubt, don’t scan!
Would you like to implement secure QR codes for your business? At O’Brien Media, we specialise in digital solutions that prioritise security and user safety. Get in touch today to learn how we can help you!